W hat is a fuel used for fuels are mostly used as convenient energy stores because of their high specific energy release when burnt with omnipresent ambient air or other specific oxidiser. Fuel types in the fbp system are described qualitatively, using stand structure and composition, surface and ladder fuels, and the specific forest floor cover and. High viscosity fuel will increase gear train, cam and follower wear on the fuel pump assembly because of the higher injection pressure. Development of the indonesian and malaysian fire danger. Fuel injection systems diesel ruimanuelvieirapinto 1090039 sistemas automoveis anolectivo20092010 fuel injectionsystems diesel sistemas automoveis anolectivo20092010 1 basic diesel fuel systems 2 injection pumps 3 injectors 4 inline injection pump 5 radial rotary injection pump 6 electronic injection systems 7 bibliography. Fuel moisture code ffmc, duff moisture code dmc and the drought code dc. The guide provides a simplified version of the system, presented in tabular format. The fire behavior prediction fbp system was released in 1984. The main difference between carburetor and fuel injection system carburetorzfuel is atomized by processes relying on the air speed greater than fuel speed at the fuel nozzle, zthe amount of fuel drawn into the engine depends upon the air velocity in the venturi fuel injection systemzthe fuel speed at the point of delivery is greater than the air speed to atomize the fuel. Fuel with the wrong viscosity either too high or too low can cause engine or fuel system damage as the viscosity affects atomization and the fuel delivery rate. For the weather inputs, the fbp system uses the fine fuel moisture code ffmc, the initial spread index isi, and the buildup index bui from the fwi system.
Calibration each unit is calibrated with a diverse matrix of over 800 fuels system check diesel 2 sample outlier detection non fuel or contaminated fuel rejected data system computer tablet computer operating system windows 8. Most fire models use comprehensive fuel description systems to simplify the inputs for fuel information, but, again, the diverse number of components, wide variety of fuel types and high spatial variability of fuel characteristics. Fuel system overview below is an overview of fuel system operation the fuel system overview the purpose of the fuel system is to provide a mixture of fuel and air to the engine of the car. Weather guide canadian forest fire danger rating system. Fire weather, for the purpose of fbp system calculation, comprises observations of 10 m wind speed and. The fbp system incorporates some of the fwi indices to provide more detail on the expected behavior of an ignited fire, with the calculations forestry canada fire danger group 1992 dependent on specific fuel types nadeau et al. Field guide to the canadian forest fire behavior prediction. This can help facilitate training and understanding within the fire management community. Attributing extreme fire risk in western canada to human. The airfuel mixture must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine. Pdf british columbia wildfire fuel typing and fuel type layer. Alaska field guide for cffdrs fire weather index fwi.
Foam task group fire equipment working team national wildfire coordinating group in cooperation with the canadian committee on forest fire management and forest fire equipment working group. Using fuelgraph, ccp outputs can easily be compared with existing fbp system outputs. Package cffdrs the comprehensive r archive network. Interest in what has become to be known as the d2 fbp system fuel type to represent leafedout. Download frh012 pdf file forests, lands, natural resource. The fuels variable consists of a classification of fuel types based on vegetation attributes. In comparison, the canadian fbp system grass fuel type models use a default value of 3. The ame can be used to evaluate the fbp system for a single fuel type and instant in time.
The list of 16 fuel types in the fbp system was not intended to be comprehensive or fixed, since additions and refmements to the system are foreseen in the future forestry canada fire danger group 1992. Background information canadian forest fire danger rating system cffdrs summary. The canadian forest fire danger rating system cffdrs is a globally known wildland fire risk. Foam vs fire aerial applications third in a series october1995 prepared by. Forestry canada, northern forestry centre, edmonton, alberta. As dieback and mortality occur in aspen stands, growing volumes of woody fuel accumulations increase the potential for more intense fire behaviour alexander 2010.
Fuel conditions are similar to one of the 16 identified new zealand fuel types for which fuel. Fbp system fuel type c2 on a 26% slope with and without packtool were 217 and 194 s figure 3, respectively, with correfigure 3. The canadian forest fire behavior prediction fbp system models rate of spread, fuel consumption, fire intensity, and fire growth for 16 national bench mark fuel types. Pdf british columbia wildfire fuel typing and fuel type. Alaska field guide for cffdrs fire weather index fwi system. The fire occurrence prediction fop system and accessory fuel moisture system are still in development, with several regional modules operational at this time. Examples of fuel types in the canadian forest fire. Fire models and methods to map fuel types prescribed burn. The canadian forest fire behavior system is a systematic method for assessing wildland f1re behavior potential. The fbp system has 16 general fuel types, which represent many, but not all, of the major fuel types found in canada hirsch 1996. The mayor fbp fuel types are summarized in table 3.
Fire behavior field reference guide gaccnifc national. This field guide provides a simplified version of the system, presented in tabular format. The same type of work had already been done with data from the second tenyear forest survey program 19942001. The manual is based on the canadian forest fire behaviour prediction fbp system forestry. Adaptation and integration of the canadian fire danger rating. Updates and revisions to the 1992 canadian forest fire. Fire managers must rely upon the fuel type descriptions to equate fbp system fuel types to existing forest inventorysite classification schemes, including the production of fbp system fuel type maps. It was prepared to assist staff in making first approximations of fbp system outputs when computerbased applications are not available. Mean and range of travel times for type i firefighters to complete a 250m course in two different fuel types on a 26% slope.
Forest fire behaviour prediction fbp system forest fuel types fcfdg. The results were input into the fbp 97 system to analyze fire weather outputs. British columbia wildfire fuel typing and fuel type layer description, 2016. British columbia wildfire fuel typing and fuel type layer. The canadian forest fire behavior prediction fbp system is a systematic method for assessing wildland fire behavior potential. The fbp system forestry canada fire danger group 1992 is a set of quantitative fire behaviour models based on 16 benchmark fuel types table 1. Choosing a backup generator plus 3 legal house connection options transfer switch and more duration. Jet fuel module fuel ethanol module fuel methanol module automatic fuel recognition module built in density meter astm d7777, iso 15212 autosampler directly attached optional 10position autosampler fingerprint your fuel in seconds eraspec measures a midinfrared midir spectrum of your fuel in less than one minute. The raster fuel layer for all ofcanadawasprovidedat250. Classification of forest stands as fuels according to the. Acknowledgments the authors would like to thank julie fortin, michel chabot and francois lefebvre for their input on the text, rejeanne bissonnette for proofreading, louis deschamps and yves dumont for the cartographic work. The canadian forest fire danger rating system cffdrs is a national system for rating the risk of forest fires in canada forest fire danger is a general term used to express a variety of factors in the fire environment, such as ease of ignition and difficulty of control.
It includes fuel models that are used to classify forest types into 17 fuel types that collectively represent most of the major forest cover types in canada. If the project area is broken by roads, dwellings and other manmade developments, the project area will be considered separate project areas. This isibased indicator was developed using the grass fuel model of the fbp system, along. Each vector of inputs defines a single fbp system prediction for a single fuel type and set of weather conditions. Fuel load and fire behaviour in the southern ontario. The fuel data used in this study were rasters classi. In 2001, three classes were established combining several fuel types of fuel. Supplementary material future burn probability in south. It was prepared to assist field staff in making first approximations of fbp system outputs when computerbased applications are not available. The three main fuel types for hfr9 are boreal spruce c2, lodgepole pine c3, and leafless aspen d1 s. The second major subsystem, the canadian forest fire behavior prediction fbp system, accounts for variability in fire behavior among fuel types predicting rate of spread, fuel consumption, and frontal fire intensity, was issued in interim form in 1984 with final production scheduled for 1990. Carburettor with pump feed to fuel reservoir diaphragm type fuel pump. Describing wildland surface fuel loading for fire management.
The ame can be used to evaluate the fbp system for a single fuel type and instant in time, or multiple. Field guide to the canadian forest fire behavior prediction fbp. Elevation 5011,900 feet 3011,700 feet in alaska, 29 in. Investigating prescribed burns for fuel and fire management in quetico provincial park, ontario by ankica grant a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of master of environmental studies in geography waterloo, ontario, canada, 2007 ankica grant 2007. If the project area is seperated by fuel timber type changes, water bodies or other natural developments, it will be considered one project area. Electric pumps can be found on all types of fuel systems. The aircraft fuel system consists of fuel tanks, floatoperated transfer valves, selector and shutoff valves, and fuel tank boost pumps. Fuel delivery system electric pumps there are two general types of electric fuel pumps.
Updates and revisions to the 1992 canadian forest fire behavior prediction system b. A manual for predicting fire behaviour in new zealand fuels. Examples of fuel types in the canadian forest fire behavior. Based on this work and the analysis of available data. Click here to obtain a full set of tables in pdf form. The fbp graphing tool fbp graph is an ms excelbased tool allows users to simultaneously compare spread rate or fire intensity outputs for up to 4 fuel types of the canadian fire behaviour. The fbp system uses fuel type, topography, weather parameters from the fwi system, foliar moisture content, and point or line igni. Role of vegetation and weather on fire behavior in the. The input data, a ame containing fuel types, fire weather component, and slope see below. Canadian forest fire danger rating system stocks et al. The aircraft fuel system and engine fuel system as well as the type, designation, and requirements of the aircraft fuels, are discussed in this chapter. Forest fire fuel type mapping using gis and remote sensing. The ame can be used to evaluate the fbp system for a single fuel type. Fuel properties developed and validated according to astm e1655.
In general, aircraft fuel systems are divided into two categoriesthe aircraft fuel system and the engine fuel system. The cedarhemlock vegetation complex is not explicitly defined as a fuel type in the canadian fire behavior prediction system, although canadian fire behaviour specialists have determined that the fire behaviour in this vegetation type is similar to the c5 fuel type. The impeller type pump uses a vane or impeller that is driven by an electric motor. The canadian forest service promotes the sustainable development of canadas forests and the competitiveness of the canadian forest sector examples of fuel types in the canadian forest fire behavior prediction fbp system. Classification of forest stands as forest fuels accordng to. Prediction physical soil impacts, emissions ecological mortality, regeneration, growth fire. Potential climate change impacts on fire intensity and. Introduction fire managers must rely upon the fuel type descriptions to equate fbp system fuel types to existing forest inventorysite classification schemes, including the production of fbp system fuel type maps. Examples of fuel types in the canadian forest fire behavior prediction fbp system.
When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to do the following. Department of agriculture, forest service, rocky mountain research station. Fire behavior prediction system function in cffdrs. Travel rates by alberta wildland firefighters using escape. Fire managers must rely upon the fuel type descriptions to equate fbp system. Quantifying the fuel load, fuel structure and fire. Unlike the fwi system, which is weather based, the fbp system also requires information on vegetation hereafter, fuel types and slope if any to calculate its outputs. Many of them use a fuel pump essentially identical to the carbureted fuel system s. A detailed description of the fbp system fuel types can be found in forestry canada information repor t stx3, development and structure of the canadian forest fire behavior. Feb 25, 2016 choosing a backup generator plus 3 legal house connection options transfer switch and more duration. The names of these two subsystems are the fire behaviour prediction fbp system and the fire weather index fwi system. The fbp system fuel types are qualityfocused rather than quantityfocused, and are categorized into overstory layers structure and composition of standing tree areas, shrub layers surface and ladder fuel, and surface vegetation and duff layers. System rate of spread fuel consumption fire intensity fuels, topography. The canadian forest fire behavior system is a systematic method for assessing.
Quantitative estimates of head fire spread rate, fire intensity, type of fire, and elliptical fire area, perimeter, and perimeter growth rate are provided for sixteen discrete fuel types within five broad groupings coniferous, deciduous, and mixed wood forests, logging slash, and grass, covering most of the major forest fuel types found in canada. Forest fire fuel type mapping using gis and remote sensing in. Finally, the predictions of three fire behaviour prediction systems the fbp system, behaveplus and an australian grassfire spread model, were compared with actual fire behaviour observations. Fire weather, for the purpose of fbp system calculation, comprises observations of. Some, however, use a vane type fuel pump mounted directly to the injection pump fuel distributor assembly. The fire behavior field reference guide fbfrg describes a range of practices by which fire behavior assessments are conducted for fireline leadership in the field, and by fire behavior analysts and long term fire analysts in support of more sophisticated analysis. It is a handson publication for use in the field, in fire behavior training. Canadian fbp system fuel moisture is estimated from outputs of the fire weather index fwi system van. Weather guide for the canadian forest fire danger rating system b. Another available tool is an online dew point calculator. These classes are still valid and used in the new classification. The development of a realtime wildfire monitoring and.
Three rapid fuel load assessment techniques were tested. Certain mechanical fuel injection systems also utilize a mechanical fuel pump, typically some early gasoline fuel injection systems. This strategy proved to be nonworkable because the fbp. Canadian wildland fire information system canadian. The mean course times for the type i firefighters through the white spruce stand fbp system fuel type c2 on a 26% slope with and without packtool were 217 and 194 s figure 3, respectively, with correfigure 3.
Sixteen fuel types are included in the fbp system, covering mainly major vegetations types in canada. Ag engg 243 lecture 6 4 two conditions are essential for efficient operation of fuel system. The fbp system provides quantitative indicators of. Definition of a fire behavior model evaluation protocol. The fire weather index fwi system was developed and introduced across canada in 1970. The canadian forest fire behavior prediction fbp system is a systematic method for. An fbp system fuel type line can be overlaid on the fuelgraph output screen not shown to compare model predictions between the fbp system and ccp. It is a handson publication for use in the field, in fire behavior training, and as a learning reference.